TEXT 1
TEXT
maitreya uvaca
prajapatyam tu tat tejah
para-tejo-hanam ditih
dadhara varsani satam
sankamana surardanat
SYNONYMS
maitreyah uvaca–the sage Maitreya said; prajapatyam–of the great
Prajapati; tu–but; tat tejah–his powerful semen; para-tejah–others’
prowess; hanam–troubling; ditih–Diti (Kasyapa’s wife); dadhara–bore;
varsani–years; satam–hundred; sankamana–being doubtful; sura-ardanat–
disturbing to the demigods.
TRANSLATION
Sri Maitreya said: My dear Vidura, Diti, the wife of the sage Kasyapa,
could understand that the sons within her womb would be a cause of
disturbance to the demigods. As such, she continuously bore the powerful
semen of Kasyapa Muni, which was meant to give trouble to others, for one
hundred years.TEXT 2
TEXT
loke tenahataloke
loka-pala hataujasah
nyavedayan visva-srje
dhvanta-vyatikaram disam
SYNONYMS
loke–within this universe; tena–by the force of the pregnancy of
Diti; ahata–being devoid of; aloke–light; loka-palah–the demigods of
various planets; hata-ojasah–whose prowess was diminished; nyavedayan–
asked; visva-srje–Brahma; dhvanta-vyatikaram–expansion of darkness;
disam–in all directions.
TRANSLATION
By the force of the pregnancy of Diti, the light of the sun and moon
was impaired in all the planets, and the demigods of various planets,
being disturbed by that force, asked the creator of the universe, Brahma,
“What is this expansion of darkness in all directions?”TEXT 3
TEXT
deva ucuh
tama etad vibho vettha
samvigna yad vayam bhrsam
na hy avyaktam bhagavatah
kalenasprsta-vartmanah
SYNONYMS
devah ucuh–the demigods said; tamah–darkness; etat–this; vibho–O
great one; vettha–you know; samvignah–very anxious; yat–because;
vayam–we; bhrsam–very much; na–not; hi–because; avyaktam–unmanifest;
bhagavatah–of You (the Supreme Personality of Godhead); kalena–by time;
asprsta–untouched; vartmanah–whose way.
TRANSLATION
The fortunate demigods said: O great one, just see this darkness,
which you know very well and which is causing us anxieties. Because the
influence of time cannot touch you, there is nothing unmanifest before
you.TEXT 4
TEXT
deva-deva jagad-dhatar
lokanatha-sikhamane
paresam aparesam tvam
bhutanam asi bhava-vit
SYNONYMS
deva-deva–O god of the demigods; jagat-dhatah–O sustainer of the
universe; lokanatha-sikhamane–O head jewel of all the demigods in other
planets; paresam–of the spiritual world; aparesam–of the material
world; tvam–you; bhutanam–of all living entities; asi–are; bhava-vit–
knowing the intentions.
TRANSLATION
O god of the demigods, sustainer of the universe, head jewel of all
the demigods in other planets, you know the intentions of all living
entities, in both the spiritual and material worlds.TEXT 5
TEXT
namo vijnana-viryaya
mayayedam upeyuse
grhita-guna-bhedaya
namas te ‘vyakta-yonaye
SYNONYMS
namah–respectful obeisances; vijnana-viryaya–O original source of
strength and scientific knowledge; mayaya–by the external energy; idam–
this body of Brahma; upeyuse–having obtained; grhita–accepting; gunabhedaya–
the differentiated mode of passion; namah te–offering
obeisances unto you; avyakta–unmanifested; yonaye–source.
TRANSLATION
O original source of strength and scientific knowledge, all obeisances
unto you! You have accepted the differentiated mode of passion from the
Supreme Personality of Godhead. With the help of external energy you are
born of the unmanifested source. All obeisances unto you!TEXT 6
TEXT
ye tvananyena bhavena
bhavayanty atma-bhavanam
atmani prota-bhuvanam
param sad-asad-atmakam
SYNONYMS
ye–those who; tva–on you; ananyena–without deviation; bhavena–with
devotion; bhavayanti–meditate; atma-bhavanam–who generates all living
entities; atmani–within your self; prota–linked; bhuvanam–all the
planets; param–the supreme; sat–effect; asat–cause; atmakam–
generator.
TRANSLATION
O lord, all these planets exist within your self, and all the living
entities are generated from you. Therefore you are the cause of this
universe, and anyone who meditates upon you without deviation attains
devotional service.
TEXT 7
TEXT
tesam supakva-yoganam
jita-svasendriyatmanam
labdha-yusmat-prasadanam
na kutascit parabhavah
SYNONYMS
tesam–of them; su-pakva-yoganam–who are mature mystics; jita–
controlled; svasa–breath; indriya–the senses; atmanam–the mind;
labdha–attained; yusmat–your; prasadanam–mercy; na–not; kutascit–
anywhere; parabhavah–defeat.
TRANSLATION
There is no defeat in this material world for persons who control the
mind and senses by controlling the breathing process and who are
therefore experienced, mature mystics. This is because by such perfection
in yoga they have attained your mercy.TEXT 8
TEXT
yasya vaca prajah sarva
gavas tantyeva yantritah
haranti balim ayattas
tasmai mukhyaya te namah
SYNONYMS
yasya–of whom; vaca–by the Vedic directions; prajah–living
entities; sarvah–all; gavah–bulls; tantya–by a rope; iva–as;
yantritah–are directed; haranti–offer, take away; balim–presentation,
ingredients for worship; ayattah–under control; tasmai–unto him;
mukhyaya–unto the chief person; te–unto you; namah–respectful
obeisances.
TRANSLATION
All the living entities within the universe are conducted by the Vedic
directions, as a bull is directed by the rope attached to its nose. No
one can violate the rules laid down in the Vedic literatures. To the
chief person, who has contributed the Vedas, we offer our respect!TEXT 9
TEXT
sa tvam vidhatsva sam bhumams
tamasa lupta-karmanam
adabhra-dayaya drstya
apannan arhasiksitum
SYNONYMS
sah–he; tvam–you; vidhatsva–perform; sam–good fortune; bhuman–O
great lord; tamasa–by the darkness; lupta–have been suspended;
karmanam–of prescribed duties; adabhra–magnanimous, without
reservation; dayaya–mercy; drstya–by your glance; apannan–us, the
surrendered; arhasi–are able; iksitum–to see.
TRANSLATION
The demigods prayed to Brahma: Please look upon us mercifully, for we
have fallen into a miserable condition; because of the darkness, all our
work has been suspended.TEXT 10
TEXT
esa deva diter garbha
ojah kasyapam arpitam
disas timirayan sarva
vardhate ‘gnir ivaidhasi
SYNONYMS
esah–this; deva–O lord; diteh–of Diti; garbhah–womb; ojah–semen;
kasyapam–of Kasyapa; arpitam–deposited; disah–directions; timirayan–
causing complete darkness; sarvah–all; vardhate–overloads; agnih–fire;
iva–as; edhasi–fuel.
TRANSLATION
As fuel overloads a fire, so the embryo created by the semen of
Kasyapa in the womb of Diti has caused complete darkness throughout the
universe.TEXT 11
TEXT
maitreya uvaca
sa prahasya maha-baho
bhagavan sabda-gocarah
pratyacastatma-bhur devan
prinan ruciraya gira
SYNONYMS
maitreyah uvaca–Maitreya said; sah–he; prahasya–smiling; maha-baho-
-O mighty-armed (Vidura); bhagavan–the possessor of all opulences;
sabda-gocarah–who is understood by transcendental sound vibration;
pratyacasta–replied; atma-bhuh–Lord Brahma; devan–the demigods;
prinan–satisfying; ruciraya–with sweet; gira–words.
TRANSLATION
Sri Maitreya said: Thus Lord Brahma, who is understood by
transcendental vibration, tried to satisfy the demigods, being pleased
with their words of prayer.TEXT 12
TEXT
brahmovaca
manasa me suta yusmatpurvajah
sanakadayah
cerur vihayasa lokal
lokesu vigata-sprhah
SYNONYMS
brahma uvaca–Lord Brahma said; manasah–born from the mind; me–my;
sutah–sons; yusmat–than you; purva-jah–born previously; sanaka-adayah-
-headed by Sanaka; ceruh–traveled; vihayasa–by traveling in outer space
or flying in the sky; lokan–to the material and spiritual worlds;
lokesu–among the people; vigata-sprhah–without any desire.
TRANSLATION
Lord Brahma said: My four sons Sanaka, Sanatana, Sanandana and Sanatkumara,
who were born from my mind, are your predecessors. Sometimes they
travel throughout the material and spiritual skies without any definite
desire.TEXT 13
TEXT
ta ekada bhagavato
vaikunthasyamalatmanah
yayur vaikuntha-nilayam
sarva-loka-namaskrtam
SYNONYMS
te–they; ekada–once upon a time; bhagavatah–of the Supreme
Personality of Godhead; vaikunthasya–of Lord Visnu; amala-atmanah–being
freed from all material contamination; yayuh–entered; vaikuntha-nilayam-
-the abode named Vaikuntha; sarva-loka–by the residents of all the
material planets; namaskrtam–worshiped.
TRANSLATION
After thus traveling all over the universes, they also entered into
the spiritual sky, for they were freed from all material contamination.
In the spiritual sky there are spiritual planets known as Vaikunthas,
which are the residence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead and His
pure devotees and are worshiped by the residents of all the material
planets.TEXT 14
TEXT
vasanti yatra purusah
sarve vaikuntha-murtayah
ye ‘nimitta-nimittena
dharmenaradhayan harim
SYNONYMS
vasanti–they live; yatra–where; purusah–persons; sarve–all;
vaikuntha-murtayah–having a four-handed form similar to that of the
Supreme Lord, Visnu; ye–those Vaikuntha persons; animitta–without
desire for sense gratification; nimittena–caused by; dharmena–by
devotional service; aradhayan–continuously worshiping; harim–unto the
Supreme Personality of Godhead.
TRANSLATION
In the Vaikuntha planets all the residents are similar in form to the
Supreme Personality of Godhead. They all engage in devotional service to
the Lord without desires for sense gratification.TEXT 15
TEXT
yatra cadyah puman aste
bhagavan sabda-gocarah
sattvam vistabhya virajam
svanam no mrdayan vrsah
SYNONYMS
yatra–in the Vaikuntha planets; ca–and; adyah–original; puman–
person; aste–is there; bhagavan–the Supreme Personality of Godhead;
sabda-gocarah–understood through the Vedic literature; sattvam–the mode
of goodness; vistabhya–accepting; virajam–uncontaminated; svanam–of
His own associates; nah–us; mrdayan–increasing happiness; vrsah–the
personification of religious principles.
TRANSLATION
In the Vaikuntha planets is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is
the original person and who can be understood through the Vedic
literature. He is full of the uncontaminated mode of goodness, with no
place for passion or ignorance. He contributes religious progress for the
devotees.TEXT 16
TEXT
yatra naihsreyasam nama
vanam kama-dughair drumaih
sarvartu-sribhir vibhrajat
kaivalyam iva murtimat
SYNONYMS
yatra–in the Vaikuntha planets; naihsreyasam–auspicious; nama–
named; vanam–forests; kama-dughaih–yielding desire; drumaih–with
trees; sarva–all; rtu–seasons; sribhih–with flowers and fruits;
vibhrajat–splendid; kaivalyam–spiritual; iva–as; murtimat–personal.
TRANSLATION
In those Vaikuntha planets there are many forests which are very
auspicious. In those forests the trees are desire trees, and in all
seasons they are filled with flowers and fruits because everything in the
Vaikuntha planets is spiritual and personal.TEXT 17
TEXT
vaimanikah sa-lalanas caritani sasvad
gayanti yatra samala-ksapanani bhartuh
antar-jale ‘nuvikasan-madhu-madhavinam
gandhena khandita-dhiyo ‘py anilam ksipantah
SYNONYMS
vaimanikah–flying in their airplanes; sa-lalanah–along with their
wives; caritani–activities; sasvat–eternally; gayanti–sing; yatra–in
those Vaikuntha planets; samala–all inauspicious qualities; ksapanani–
devoid of; bhartuh–of the Supreme Lord; antah-jale–in the midst of the
water; anuvikasat–blossoming; madhu–fragrant, laden with honey;
madhavinam–of the madhavi flowers; gandhena–by the fragrance; khandita-
-disturbed; dhiyah–minds; api–even though; anilam–breeze; ksipantah–
deriding.
TRANSLATION
In the Vaikuntha planets the inhabitants fly in their airplanes,
accompanied by their wives and consorts, and eternally sing of the
character and activities of the Lord, which are always devoid of all
inauspicious qualities. While singing the glories of the Lord, they
deride even the presence of the blossoming madhavi flowers, which are
fragrant and laden with honey.TEXT 18
TEXT
paravatanyabhrta-sarasa-cakravakadatyuha-
hamsa-suka-tittiri-barhinam yah
kolahalo viramate ‘cira-matram uccair
bhrngadhipe hari-katham iva gayamane
SYNONYMS
paravata–pigeons; anyabhrta–cuckoo; sarasa–crane; cakravaka–
cakravaka; datyuha–gallinule; hamsa–swan; suka–parrot; tittiri–
partridge; barhinam–of the peacock; yah–which; kolahalah–tumult;
viramate–stops; acira-matram–temporarily; uccaih–loudly; bhrngaadhipe–
king of the bumblebees; hari-katham–the glories of the Lord;
iva–as; gayamane–while singing.
TRANSLATION
When the king of bees hums in a high pitch, singing the glories of the
Lord, there is a temporary lull in the noise of the pigeon, the cuckoo,
the crane, the cakravaka, the swan, the parrot, the partridge and the
peacock. Such transcendental birds stop their own singing simply to hear
the glories of the Lord.TEXT 19
TEXT
mandara-kunda-kurabotpala-campakarnapunnaga-
naga-bakulambuja-parijatah
gandhe ‘rcite tulasikabharanena tasya
yasmims tapah sumanaso bahu manayanti
SYNONYMS
mandara–mandara; kunda–kunda; kuraba–kuraba; utpala–utpala;
campaka–campaka; arna–arna flower; punnaga–punnaga; naga–nagakesara;
bakula–bakula; ambuja–lily; parijatah–parijata; gandhe–fragrance;
arcite–being worshiped; tulasika–tulasi; abharanena–with a garland;
tasyah–of her; yasmin–in which Vaikuntha; tapah–austerity; su-manasah-
-good minded, Vaikuntha minded; bahu–very much; manayanti–glorify.
TRANSLATION
Although flowering plants like the mandara, kunda, kurabaka, utpala,
campaka, arna, punnaga, nagakesara, bakula, lily and parijata are full of
transcendental fragrance, they are still conscious of the austerities
performed by tulasi, for tulasi is given special preference by the Lord,
who garlands Himself with tulasi leaves.TEXT 20
TEXT
yat sankulam hari-padanati-matra-drstair
vaidurya-marakata-hema-mayair vimanaih
yesam brhat-kati-tatah smita-sobhi-mukhyah
krsnatmanam na raja adadhur utsmayadyaih
SYNONYMS
yat–that Vaikuntha abode; sankulam–is pervaded; hari-pada–at the
two lotus feet of Hari, the Supreme Personality of Godhead; anati–by
obeisances; matra–simply; drstaih–are obtained; vaidurya–lapis lazuli;
marakata–emeralds; hema–gold; mayaih–made of; vimanaih–with
airplanes; yesam–of those passengers; brhat–large; kati-tatah–hips;
smita–smiling; sobhi–beautiful; mukhyah–faces; krsna–in Krsna;
atmanam–whose minds are absorbed; na–not; rajah–sex desire; adadhuh–
stimulate; utsmaya-adyaih–by intimate friendly dealings, laughing and
joking.
TRANSLATION
The inhabitants of Vaikuntha travel in their airplanes made of lapis
lazuli, emerald and gold. Although crowded by their consorts, who have
large hips and beautiful smiling faces, they cannot be stimulated to
passion by their mirth and beautiful charms.TEXT 21
TEXT
sri rupini kvanayati caranaravindam
lilambujena hari-sadmani mukta-dosa
samlaksyate sphatika-kudya upeta-hemni
sammarjativa yad-anugrahane ‘nya-yatnah
SYNONYMS
sri–Laksmi, the goddess of fortune; rupini–assuming a beautiful
form; kvanayati–tinkling; carana-aravindam–lotus feet; lila-ambujena–
playing with a lotus flower; hari-sadmani–the house of the Supreme
Personality; mukta-dosa–freed from all faults; samlaksyate–becomes
visible; sphatika–crystal; kudye–walls; upeta–mixed; hemni–gold;
sammarjati iva–appearing like a sweeper; yat-anugrahane–to receive her
favor; anya–others’; yatnah–very much careful.
TRANSLATION
The ladies in the Vaikuntha planets are as beautiful as the goddess of
fortune herself. Such transcendentally beautiful ladies, their hands
playing with lotuses and their leg bangles tinkling, are sometimes seen
sweeping the marble walls, which are bedecked at intervals with golden
borders, in order to receive the grace of the Supreme Personality of
Godhead.TEXT 22
TEXT
vapisu vidruma-tatasv amalamrtapsu
presyanvita nija-vane tulasibhir isam
abhyarcati svalakam unnasam iksya vaktram
ucchesitam bhagavatety amatanga yac-chrih
SYNONYMS
vapisu–in the ponds; vidruma–made of coral; tatasu–banks; amala–
transparent; amrta–nectarean; apsu–water; presya-anvita–surrounded by
maidservants; nija-vane–in her own garden; tulasibhih–with tulasi;
isam–the Supreme Lord; abhyarcati–worship; su-alakam–with her face
decorated with tilaka; unnasam–raised nose; iksya–by seeing; vaktram–
face; ucchesitam–being kissed; bhagavata–by the Supreme Lord; iti–
thus; amata–thought; anga–O demigods; yat-srih–whose beauty.
TRANSLATION
The goddesses of fortune worship the Lord in their own gardens by
offering tulasi leaves on the coral-paved banks of transcendental
reservoirs of water. While offering worship to the Lord, they can see on
the water the reflection of their beautiful faces with raised noses, and
it appears that they have become more beautiful because of the Lord’s
kissing their faces.TEXT 23
TEXT
yan na vrajanty agha-bhido racananuvadac
chrnvanti ye ‘nya-visayah kukatha mati-ghnih
yas tu sruta hata-bhagair nrbhir atta-saras
tams tan ksipanty asaranesu tamahsu hanta
SYNONYMS
yat–Vaikuntha; na–never; vrajanti–approach; agha-bhidah–of the
vanquisher of all kinds of sins; racana–of the creation; anuvadat–than
narrations; srnvanti–hear; ye–those who; anya–other; visayah–subject
matter; ku-kathah–bad words; mati-ghnih–killing intelligence; yah–
which; tu–but; srutah–are heard; hata-bhagaih–unfortunate; nrbhih–by
men; atta–taken away; sarah–values of life; tan tan–such persons;
ksipanti–are thrown; asaranesu–devoid of all shelter; tamahsu–in the
darkest part of material existence; hanta–alas.
TRANSLATION
It is very much regrettable that unfortunate people do not discuss the
description of the Vaikuntha planets but engage in topics which are
unworthy to hear and which bewilder one’s intelligence. Those who give up
the topics of Vaikuntha and take to talk of the material world are thrown
into the darkest region of ignorance.TEXT 24
TEXT
ye ‘bhyarthitam api ca no nr-gatim prapanna
jnanam ca tattva-visayam saha-dharmam yatra
naradhanam bhagavato vitaranty amusya
sammohita vitataya bata mayaya te
SYNONYMS
ye–those persons; abhyarthitam–desired; api–certainly; ca–and;
nah–by us (Brahma and the other demigods); nr-gatim–the human form of
life; prapannah–have attained; jnanam–knowledge; ca–and; tattvavisayam–
subject matter about the Absolute Truth; saha-dharmam–along
with religious principles; yatra–where; na–not; aradhanam–worship;
bhagavatah–of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; vitaranti–perform;
amusya–of the Supreme Lord; sammohitah–being bewildered; vitataya–allpervading;
bata–alas; mayaya–by the influence of the illusory energy;
te–they.
TRANSLATION
Lord Brahma said: My dear demigods, the human form of life is of such
importance that we also desire to have such life, for in the human form
one can attain perfect religious truth and knowledge. If one in this
human form of life does not understand the Supreme Personality of Godhead
and His abode, it is to be understood that he is very much affected by
the influence of external nature.TEXT 25
TEXT
yac ca vrajanty animisam rsabhanuvrttya
dure yama hy upari nah sprhaniya-silah
bhartur mithah suyasasah kathananuragavaiklavya-
baspa-kalaya pulaki-krtangah
SYNONYMS
yat–Vaikuntha; ca–and; vrajanti–go; animisam–of the demigods;
rsabha–chief; anuvrttya–following in the footsteps; dure–keeping at a
distance; yamah–regulative principles; hi–certainly; upari–above; nah-
-us; sprhaniya–to be desired; silah–good qualities; bhartuh–of the
Supreme Lord; mithah–for one another; suyasasah–glories; kathana–by
discussions, discourses; anuraga–attraction; vaiklavya–ecstasy; baspakalaya–
tears in the eyes; pulaki-krta–shivering; angah–bodies.
TRANSLATION
Persons whose bodily features change in ecstasy and who breathe
heavily and perspire due to hearing the glories of the Lord are promoted
to the kingdom of God, even though they do not care for meditation and
other austerities. The kingdom of God is above the material universes,
and it is desired by Brahma and other demigods.TEXT 26
TEXT
tad visva-gurv-adhikrtam bhuvanaika-vandyam
divyam vicitra-vibudhagrya-vimana-socih
apuh param mudam apurvam upetya yogamaya-
balena munayas tad atho vikuntham
SYNONYMS
tat–then; visva-guru–by the teacher of the universe, the Supreme
Personality of Godhead; adhikrtam–predominated; bhuvana–of the planets;
eka–alone; vandyam–worthy to be worshiped; divyam–spiritual; vicitra–
highly decorated; vibudha-agrya–of the devotees (who are the best of the
learned); vimana–of the airplanes; socih–illuminated; apuh–attained;
param–the highest; mudam–happiness; apurvam–unprecedented; upetya–
having attained; yoga-maya–by spiritual potency; balena–by the
influence; munayah–the sages; tat–Vaikuntha; atho–that; vikuntham–
Visnu.
TRANSLATION
Thus the great sages, Sanaka, Sanatana, Sanandana and Sanat-kumara,
upon reaching the above-mentioned Vaikuntha in the spiritual world by
dint of their mystic yoga performance, perceived unprecedented happiness.
They found that the spiritual sky was illuminated by highly decorated
airplanes piloted by the best devotees of Vaikuntha and was predominated
by the Supreme Personality of Godhead.TEXT 27
TEXT
tasminn atitya munayah sad asajjamanah
kaksah samana-vayasav atha saptamayam
devav acaksata grhita-gadau parardhyakeyura-
kundala-kirita-vitanka-vesau
SYNONYMS
tasmin–in that Vaikuntha; atitya–after passing through; munayah–the
great sages; sat–six; asajja manah–without being much attracted;
kaksah–walls; samana–equal; vayasau–age; atha–thereafter; saptamayam-
-at the seventh gate; devau–two Vaikuntha doormen; acaksata–saw;
grhita–carrying; gadau–maces; para-ardhya–most valuable; keyura–
bracelets; kundala–earrings; kirita–helmets; vitanka–beautiful; vesau-
-garments.
TRANSLATION
After passing through the six entrances of Vaikuntha-puri, the Lord’s
residence, without feeling astonishment at all the decorations, they saw
at the seventh gate two shining beings of the same age, armed with maces
and adorned with most valuable jewelry, earrings, diamonds, helmets,
garments, etc.TEXT 28
TEXT
matta-dvirepha-vanamalikaya nivitau
vinyastayasita-catustaya-bahu-madhye
vaktram bhruva kutilaya sphuta-nirgamabhyam
rakteksanena ca manag rabhasam dadhanau
SYNONYMS
matta–intoxicated; dvi-repha–bees; vana-malikaya–with a garland of
fresh flowers; nivitau–hanging on the neck; vinyastaya–placed around;
asita–blue; catustaya–four; bahu–hands; madhye–between; vaktram–
face; bhruva–with their eyebrows; kutilaya–arched; sphuta–snorting;
nirgamabhyam–breathing; rakta–reddish; iksanena–with eyes; ca–and;
manak–somewhat; rabhasam–agitated; dadhanau–glanced over.
TRANSLATION
The two doormen were garlanded with fresh flowers which attracted
intoxicated bees and which were placed around their necks and between
their four blue arms. From their arched eyebrows, discontented nostrils
and reddish eyes, they appeared somewhat agitated.TEXT 29
TEXT
dvary etayor nivivisur misator aprstva
purva yatha purata-vajra-kapatika yah
sarvatra te ‘visamaya munayah sva-drstya
ye sancaranty avihata vigatabhisankah
SYNONYMS
dvari–in the door; etayoh–both doorkeepers; nivivisuh–entered;
misatoh–while seeing; aprstva–without asking; purvah–as before; yatha-
-as; purata–made of gold; vajra–and diamond; kapatikah–the doors; yah-
-which; sarvatra–everywhere; te–they; avisa-maya–without any sense of
discrimination; munayah–the great sages; sva-drstya–out of their own
will; ye–who; sancaranti–move; avihatah–without being checked; vigata-
-without; abhisankah–doubt.
TRANSLATION
The great sages, headed by Sanaka, had opened doors everywhere. They
had no idea of “ours” and “theirs.” With open minds, they entered the
seventh door out of their own will, just as they had passed through the
six other doors, which were made of gold and diamonds.TEXT 30
TEXT
tan viksya vata-rasanams caturah kumaran
vrddhan dasardha-vayaso viditatma-tattvan
vetrena caskhalayatam atad-arhanams tau
tejo vihasya bhagavat-pratikula-silau
SYNONYMS
tan–them; viksya–after seeing; vata-rasanan–naked; caturah–four;
kumaran–boys; vrddhan–aged; dasa-ardha–five years; vayasah–appearing
as of the age; vidita–had realized; atma-tattvan–the truth of the self;
vetrena–with their staffs; ca–also; askhalayatam–forbade; a-tatarhanan–
not deserving such from them; tau–those two porters; tejah–
glories; vihasya–disregarding the etiquette; bhagavat-pratikula-silau–
having a nature displeasing to the Lord.
TRANSLATION
The four boy-sages, who had nothing to cover their bodies but the
atmosphere, looked only five years old, even though they were the oldest
of all living creatures and had realized the truth of the self. But when
the porters, who happened to possess a disposition quite unpalatable to
the Lord, saw the sages, they blocked their way with their staffs,
despising their glories, although the sages did not deserve such
treatment at their hands.TEXT 31
TEXT
tabhyam misatsv animisesu nisidhyamanah
svarhattama hy api hareh pratihara-pabhyam
ucuh suhrttama-didrksita-bhanga isat
kamanujena sahasa ta upaplutaksah
SYNONYMS
tabhyam–by those two porters; misatsu–while looking on; animisesu–
demigods living in Vaikuntha; nisidhyamanah–being forbidden; suarhattamah–
by far the fittest persons; hi api–although; hareh–of Hari,
the Supreme Personality of Godhead; pratihara-pabhyam–by the two
doorkeepers; ucuh–said; suhrt-tama–most beloved; didrksita–eagerness
to see; bhange–hindrance; isat–slight; kama-anujena–by the younger
brother of lust (anger); sahasa–suddenly; te–those great sages;
upapluta–agitated; aksah–eyes.
TRANSLATION
When the Kumaras, although by far the fittest persons, were thus
forbidden entrance by the two chief doorkeepers of Sri Hari while other
divinities looked on, their eyes suddenly turned red because of anger due
to their great eagerness to see their most beloved master, Sri Hari, the
Personality of Godhead.TEXT 32
TEXT
munaya ucuh
ko vam ihaitya bhagavat-paricaryayoccais
tad-dharminam nivasatam visamah svabhavah
tasmin prasanta-puruse gata-vigrahe vam
ko vatmavat kuhakayoh parisankaniyah
SYNONYMS
munayah–the great sages; ucuh–said; kah–who; vam–you two; iha–in
Vaikuntha; etya–having attained; bhagavat–of the Supreme Personality of
Godhead; paricaryaya–by the service; uccaih–having been developed by
past pious actions; tat-dharminam–of the devotees; nivasatam–dwelling
in Vaikuntha; visamah–discordant; svabhavah–mentality; tasmin–in the
Supreme Lord; prasanta-puruse–without anxieties; gata-vigrahe–without
any enemy; vam–of you two; kah–who; va–or; atma-vat–like yourselves;
kuhakayoh–maintaining duplicity; parisankaniyah–not becoming
trustworthy.
TRANSLATION
The sages said: Who are these two persons who have developed such a
discordant mentality even though they are posted in the service of the
Lord in the highest position and are expected to have developed the same
qualities as the Lord? How are these two persons living in Vaikuntha?
Where is the possibility of an enemy’s coming into this kingdom of God?
The Supreme Personality of Godhead has no enemy. Who could be envious of
Him? Probably these two persons are imposters; therefore they suspect
others to be like themselves.TEXT 33
TEXT
na hy antaram bhagavatiha samasta-kuksav
atmanam atmani nabho nabhasiva dhirah
pasyanti yatra yuvayoh sura-linginoh kim
vyutpaditam hy udara-bhedi bhayam yato ‘sya
SYNONYMS
na–not; hi–because; antaram–distinction; bhagavati–in the Supreme
Personality of Godhead; iha–here; samasta-kuksau–everything is within
the abdomen; atmanam–the living entity; atmani–in the Supersoul;
nabhah–the small quantity of air; nabhasi–within the whole air; iva–
as; dhirah–the learned; pasyanti–see; yatra–in whom; yuvayoh–of you
two; sura-linginoh–dressed like inhabitants of Vaikuntha; kim–how;
vyutpaditam–awakened, developed; hi–certainly; udara-bhedi–distinction
between the body and the soul; bhayam–fearfulness; yatah–wherefrom;
asya–of the Supreme Lord.
TRANSLATION
In the Vaikuntha world there is complete harmony between the residents
and the Supreme Personality of Godhead, just as there is complete harmony
within space between the big and the small skies. Why then is there a
seed of fear in this field of harmony? These two persons are dressed like
inhabitants of Vaikuntha, but wherefrom can their disharmony come into
existence?TEXT 34
TEXT
tad vam amusya paramasya vikuntha-bhartuh
kartum prakrstam iha dhimahi manda-dhibhyam
lokan ito vrajatam antara-bhava-drstya
papiyasas traya ime ripavo ‘sya yatra
SYNONYMS
tat–therefore; vam–unto these two; amusya–of Him; paramasya–the
Supreme; vikuntha-bhartuh–the Lord of Vaikuntha; kartum–to bestow;
prakrstam–benefit; iha–in the matter of this offense; dhimahi–let us
consider; manda-dhibhyam–those whose intelligence is not very nice;
lokan–to the material world; itah–from this place (Vaikuntha);
vrajatam–go; antara-bhava–duality; drstya–on account of seeing;
papiyasah–sinful; trayah–three; ime–these; ripavah–enemies; asya–of
a living entity; yatra–where.
TRANSLATION
Therefore let us consider how these two contaminated persons should be
punished. The punishment should be apt, for thus benefit can eventually
be bestowed upon them. Since they find duality in the existence of
Vaikuntha life, they are contaminated and should be removed from this
place to the material world, where the living entities have three kinds
of enemies.TEXT 35
TEXT
tesam itiritam ubhav avadharya ghoram
tam brahma-dandam anivaranam astra-pugaih
sadyo harer anucarav uru bibhyatas tatpada-
grahav apatatam atikatarena
SYNONYMS
tesam–of the four Kumaras; iti–thus; iritam–uttered; ubhau–both
doorkeepers; avadharya–understanding; ghoram–terrible; tam–that;
brahma-dandam–curse of a brahmana; anivaranam–not able to be
counteracted; astra-pugaih–by any kind of weapon; sadyah–at once;
hareh–of the Supreme Lord; anucarau–devotees; uru–very much;
bibhyatah–became fearful; tat-pada-grahau–grasping their feet;
apatatam–fell down; ati-katarena–in great anxiety.
TRANSLATION
When the doormen of Vaikunthaloka, who were certainly devotees of the
Lord, found that they were going to be cursed by the brahmanas, they at
once became very much afraid and fell down at the feet of the brahmanas
in great anxiety, for a brahmana’s curse cannot be counteracted by any
kind of weapon.TEXT 36
TEXT
bhuyad aghoni bhagavadbhir akari dando
yo nau hareta sura-helanam apy asesam
ma vo ‘nutapa-kalaya bhagavat-smrti-ghno
moho bhaved iha tu nau vrajator adho ‘dhah
SYNONYMS
bhuyat–let it be; aghoni–for the sinful; bhagavadbhih–by you;
akari–was done; dandah–punishment; yah–that which; nau–in relation to
us; hareta–should destroy; sura-helanam–disobeying great demigods; api-
-certainly; asesam–unlimited; ma–not; vah–of you; anutapa–repentance;
kalaya–by a little; bhagavat–of the Supreme Personality of Godhead;
smrti-ghnah–destroying the memory of; mohah–illusion; bhavet–should
be; iha–in the foolish species of life; tu–but; nau–of us; vrajatoh–
who are going; adhah adhah–down to the material world.
TRANSLATION
After being cursed by the sages, the doormen said: It is quite apt
that you have punished us for neglecting to respect sages like you. But
we pray that due to your compassion at our repentance, the illusion of
forgetting the Supreme Personality of Godhead will not come upon us as we
go progressively downward.TEXT 37
TEXT
evam tadaiva bhagavan aravinda-nabhah
svanam vibudhya sad-atikramam arya-hrdyah
tasmin yayau paramahamsa-maha-muninam
anvesaniya-caranau calayan saha-srih
SYNONYMS
evam–thus; tada eva–at that very moment; bhagavan–the Supreme
Personality of Godhead; aravinda-nabhah–with a lotus growing from His
navel; svanam–of His own servants; vibudhya–learned about; sat–to the
great sages; atikramam–the insult; arya–of the righteous; hrdyah–the
delight; tasmin–there; yayau–went; paramahamsa–recluses; maha-muninam-
-by the great sages; anvesaniya–which are worthy to be sought; caranau–
the two lotus feet; calayan–walking; saha-srih–with the goddess of
fortune.
TRANSLATION
At that very moment, the Lord, who is called Padmanabha because of the
lotus grown from His navel and who is the delight of the righteous,
learned about the insult offered by His own servants to the saints.
Accompanied by His spouse, the goddess of fortune, He went to the spot on
those very feet sought for by recluses and great sages.TEXT 38
TEXT
tam tv agatam pratihrtaupayikam sva-pumbhis
te ‘caksataksa-visayam sva-samadhi-bhagyam
hamsa-sriyor vyajanayoh siva-vayu-lolacchubhratapatra-
sasi-kesara-sikarambum
SYNONYMS
tam–Him; tu–but; agatam–coming forward; pratihrta–carried;
aupayikam–the paraphernalia; sva-pumbhih–by His own associates; te–the
great sages (the Kumaras); acaksata–saw; aksa-visayam–now a subject
matter for seeing; sva-samadhi-bhagyam–visible simply by ecstatic
trance; hamsa-sriyoh–as beautiful as white swans; vyajanayoh–the
camaras (bunches of white hair); siva-vayu–favorable winds; lolat–
moving; subhra-atapatra–the white umbrella; sasi–the moon; kesara–
pearls; sikara–drops; ambum–water.
TRANSLATION
The sages, headed by Sanaka Rsi, saw that the Supreme Personality of
Godhead, Visnu, who was formerly visible only within their hearts in
ecstatic trance, had now actually become visible to their eyes. As He
came forward, accompanied by His own associates bearing all
paraphernalia, such as an umbrella and a camara fan, the white bunches of
hair moved very gently, like two swans, and due to their favorable breeze
the pearls garlanding the umbrella also moved, like drops of nectar
falling from the white full moon or ice melting due to a gust of wind.TEXT 39
TEXT
krtsna-prasada-sumukham sprhaniya-dhama
snehavaloka-kalaya hrdi samsprsantam
syame prthav urasi sobhitaya sriya svascudamanim
subhagayantam ivatma-dhisnyam
SYNONYMS
krtsna-prasada–blessing everyone; su-mukham–auspicious face;
sprhaniya–desirable; dhama–shelter; sneha–affection; avaloka–looking
upon; kalaya–by expansion; hrdi–within the heart; samsprsantam–
touching; syame–unto the Lord with blackish color; prthau–broad; urasi-
-chest; sobhitaya–being decorated; sriya–goddess of fortune; svah–
heavenly planets; cuda-manim–summit; subhagayantam–spreading good
fortune; iva–like; atma–the Supreme Personality of Godhead; dhisnyam–
abode.
TRANSLATION
The Lord is the reservoir of all pleasure. His auspicious presence is
meant for everyone’s benediction, and His affectionate smiling and
glancing touch the core of the heart. The Lord’s beautiful bodily color
is blackish, and His broad chest is the resting place of the goddess of
fortune, who glorifies the entire spiritual world, the summit of all
heavenly planets. Thus it appeared that the Lord was personally spreading
the beauty and good fortune of the spiritual world.TEXT 40
TEXT
pitamsuke prthu-nitambini visphurantya
kancyalibhir virutaya vana-malaya ca
valgu-prakostha-valayam vinata-sutamse
vinyasta-hastam itarena dhunanam abjam
SYNONYMS
pita-amsuke–covered with a yellow cloth; prthu-nitambini–on His
large hips; visphurantya–shining brightly; kancya–with a girdle;
alibhih–by the bees; virutaya–humming; vana-malaya–with a garland of
fresh flowers; ca–and; valgu–lovely; prakostha–wrists; valayam–
bracelets; vinata-suta–of Garuda, the son of Vinata; amse–on the
shoulder; vinyasta–rested; hastam–one hand; itarena–with another hand;
dhunanam–being twirled; abjam–a lotus flower.
TRANSLATION
He was adorned with a girdle that shone brightly on the yellow cloth
covering His large hips, and He wore a garland of fresh flowers which was
distinguished by humming bees. His lovely wrists were graced with
bracelets, and He rested one of His hands on the shoulder of Garuda, His
carrier, and twirled a lotus with another hand.TEXT 41
TEXT
vidyut-ksipan-makara-kundala-mandanarhaganda-
sthalonnasa-mukham manimat-kiritam
dor-danda-sanda-vivare harata parardhyaharena
kandhara-gatena ca kaustubhena
SYNONYMS
vidyut–lightning; ksipat–outshining; makara–alligator shaped;
kundala–earrings; mandana–decoration; arha–as it fits; ganda-sthala–
cheeks; unnasa–prominent nose; mukham–countenance; mani-mat–gemstudded;
kiritam–crown; doh-danda–of His four stout arms; sanda–group;
vivare–between; harata–charming; para-ardhya–by the most precious;
harena–necklace; kandhara-gatena–adorning His neck; ca–and;
kaustubhena–by the Kaustubha jewel.
TRANSLATION
His countenance was distinguished by cheeks that enhanced the beauty
of His alligator-shaped pendants, which outshone lightning. His nose was
prominent, and His head was covered with a gem-studded crown. A charming
necklace hung between His stout arms, and His neck was adorned with the
gem known by the name Kaustubha.
TEXT 42
TEXT
atropasrstam iti cotsmitam indirayah
svanam dhiya viracitam bahu-sausthavadhyam
mahyam bhavasya bhavatam ca bhajantam angam
nemur niriksya na vitrpta-drso muda kaih
SYNONYMS
atra–here, in the matter of the beauty; upasrstam–curbed down; iti–
thus; ca–and; utsmitam–the pride of her beauty; indirayah–of the
goddess of fortune; svanam–of His own devotees; dhiya–by intelligence;
viracitam–meditated on; bahu-sausthava-adhyam–very beautifully
decorated; mahyam–of me; bhavasya–of Lord Siva; bhavatam–of all of
you; ca–and; bhajantam–worshiped; angam–the figure; nemuh–bowed down;
niriksya–after seeing; na–not; vitrpta–satiated; drsah–eyes; muda–
joyously; kaih–by their heads.
TRANSLATION
The exquisite beauty of Narayana, being many times magnified by the
intelligence of His devotees, was so attractive that it defeated the
pride of the goddess of fortune in being the most beautiful. My dear
demigods, the Lord who thus manifested Himself is worshipable by me, by
Lord Siva and by all of you. The sages regarded Him with unsated eyes and
joyously bowed their heads at His lotus feet.TEXT 43
TEXT
tasyaravinda-nayanasya padaravindakinjalka-
misra-tulasi-makaranda-vayuh
antar-gatah sva-vivarena cakara tesam
sanksobham aksara-jusam api citta-tanvoh
SYNONYMS
tasya–of Him; aravinda-nayanasya–of the lotus-eyed Lord; padaaravinda–
of the lotus feet; kinjalka–with the toes; misra–mixed;
tulasi–the tulasi leaves; makaranda–fragrance; vayuh–breeze; antahgatah–
entered within; sva-vivarena–through their nostrils; cakara–
made; tesam–of the Kumaras; sanksobham–agitation for change; aksarajusam–
attached to impersonal Brahman realization; api–even though;
citta-tanvoh–in both mind and body.
TRANSLATION
When the breeze carrying the aroma of tulasi leaves from the toes of
the lotus feet of the Personality of Godhead entered the nostrils of
those sages, they experienced a change both in body and in mind, even
though they were attached to the impersonal Brahman understanding.TEXT 44
TEXT
te va amusya vadanasita-padma-kosam
udviksya sundarataradhara-kunda-hasam
labdhasisah punar aveksya tadiyam anghridvandvam
nakharuna-mani-srayanam nidadhyuh
SYNONYMS
te–those sages; vai–certainly; amusya–of the Supreme Personality of
Godhead; vadana–face; asita–blue; padma–lotus; kosam–inside;
udviksya–after looking up; sundara-tara–more beautiful; adhara–lips;
kunda–jasmine flower; hasam–smiling; labdha–achieved; asisah–aims of
life; punah–again; aveksya–looking down; tadiyam–His; anghri-dvandvam-
-pair of lotus feet; nakha–nails; aruna–red; mani–rubies; srayanam–
shelter; nidadhyuh–meditated.
TRANSLATION
The Lord’s beautiful face appeared to them like the inside of a blue
lotus, and the Lord’s smile appeared to be a blossoming jasmine flower.
After seeing the face of the Lord, the sages were fully satisfied, and
when they wanted to see Him further, they looked upon the nails of His
lotus feet, which resembled rubies. Thus they viewed the Lord’s
transcendental body again and again, and so they finally achieved
meditation on the Lord’s personal feature.
TEXT 45
TEXT
pumsam gatim mrgayatam iha yoga-margair
dhyanaspadam bahu-matam nayanabhiramam
paumsnam vapur darsayanam ananya-siddhair
autpattikaih samagrnan yutam asta-bhogaih
SYNONYMS
pumsam–of those persons; gatim–liberation; mrgayatam–who are
searching; iha–here in this world; yoga-margaih–by the process of
astanga-yoga; dhyana-aspadam–object of meditation; bahu–by the great
yogis; matam–approved; nayana–eyes; abhiramam–pleasing; paumsnam–
human; vapuh–form; darsayanam–displaying; ananya–not by others;
siddhaih–perfected; autpattikaih–eternally present; samagrnan–praised;
yutam–the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is endowed; asta-bhogaih–
with eight kinds of achievement.
TRANSLATION
This is the form of the Lord which is meditated upon by the followers
of the yoga process, and it is pleasing to the yogis in meditation. It is
not imaginary but factual, as proved by great yogis. The Lord is full in
eight kinds of achievement, but for others these achievements are not
possible in full perfection.TEXT 46
TEXT
kumara ucuh
yo ‘ntarhito hrdi gato ‘pi duratmanam tvam
so ‘dyaiva no nayana-mulam ananta raddhah
yarhy eva karna-vivarena guham gato nah
pitranuvarnita-raha bhavad-udbhavena
SYNONYMS
kumarah ucuh–the Kumaras said; yah–He who; antarhitah–not
manifested; hrdi–in the heart; gatah–is seated; api–even though;
duratmanam–to the rascals; tvam–You; sah–He; adya–today; eva–
certainly; nah–of us; nayana-mulam–face to face; ananta–O unlimited
one; raddhah–attained; yarhi–when; eva–certainly; karna-vivarena–
through the ears; guham–intelligence; gatah–have attained; nah–our;
pitra–by our father; anuvarnita–described; rahah–mysteries; bhavatudbhavena–
by Your appearance.
TRANSLATION
The Kumaras said: Our dear Lord, You are not manifested to rascals,
even though You are seated within the heart of everyone. But as far as we
are concerned, we see You face to face, although You are unlimited. The
statements we have heard about You from our father, Brahma, through the
ears have now been actually realized by Your kind appearanceTEXT 47
TEXT
tam tvam vidama bhagavan param atma-tattvam
sattvena samprati ratim racayantam esam
yat te ‘nutapa-viditair drdha-bhakti-yogair
udgranthayo hrdi vidur munayo viragah
SYNONYMS
tam–Him; tvam–You; vidama–we know; bhagavan–O Supreme Personality
of Godhead; param–the Supreme; atma-tattvam–Absolute Truth; sattvena–
by Your form of pure goodness; samprati–now; ratim–love of God;
racayantam–creating; esam–of all of them; yat–which; te–Your;
anutapa–mercy; viditaih–understood; drdha–unflinching; bhakti-yogaih–
through devotional service; udgranthayah–without attachment, free from
material bondage; hrdi–in the heart; viduh–understood; munayah–great
sages; viragah–not interested in material life.
TRANSLATION
We know that You are the Supreme Absolute Truth, the Personality of
Godhead, who manifests His transcendental form in the uncontaminated mode
of pure goodness. This transcendental, eternal form of Your personality
can be understood only by Your mercy, through unflinching devotional
service, by great sages whose hearts have been purified in the devotional
way.TEXT 48
TEXT
natyantikam viganayanty api te prasadam
kimv anyad arpita-bhayam bhruva unnayais te
ye ‘nga tvad-anghri-sarana bhavatah kathayah
kirtanya-tirtha-yasasah kusala rasa-jnah
SYNONYMS
na–not; atyantikam–liberation; viganayanti–care for; api–even; te-
-those; prasadam–benedictions; kim u–what to speak; anyat–other
material happinesses; arpita–given; bhayam–fearfulness; bhruvah–of the
eyebrows; unnayaih–by the raising; te–Your; ye–those devotees; anga–O
Supreme Personality of Godhead; tvat–Your; anghri–lotus feet; saranah–
who have taken shelter; bhavatah–Your; kathayah–narrations; kirtanya–
worth chanting; tirtha–pure; yasasah–glories; kusalah–very expert;
rasa-jnah–knowers of the mellows or humors.
TRANSLATION
Persons who are very expert and most intelligent in understanding
things as they are engage in hearing narrations of the auspicious
activities and pastimes of the Lord, which are worth chanting and worth
hearing. Such persons do not care even for the highest material
benediction, namely liberation, to say nothing of other less important
benedictions like the material happiness of the heavenly kingdom.TEXT 49
TEXT
kamam bhavah sva-vrjinair nirayesu nah stac
ceto ‘livad yadi nu te padayo rameta
vacas ca nas tulasivad yadi te ‘nghri-sobhah
puryeta te guna-ganair yadi karna-randhrah
SYNONYMS
kamam–as much as deserved; bhavah–birth; sva-vrjinaih–by our own
sinful activities; nirayesu–in low births; nah–our; stat–let it be;
cetah–minds; ali-vat–like bees; yadi–if; nu–may be; te–Your;
padayoh–at Your lotus feet; rameta–are engaged; vacah–words; ca–and;
nah–our; tulasi-vat–like the tulasi leaves; yadi–if; te–Your; anghri-
-at Your lotus feet; sobhah–beautified; puryeta–are filled; te–Your;
guna-ganaih–by transcendental qualities; yadi–if; karna-randhrah–the
holes of the ears.
TRANSLATION
O Lord, we pray that You let us be born in any hellish condition of
life, just as long as our hearts and minds are always engaged in the
service of Your lotus feet, our words are made beautiful [by speaking of
Your activities] just as tulasi leaves are beautified when offered unto
Your lotus feet, and as long as our ears are always filled with the
chanting of Your transcendental qualities.TEXT 50
TEXT
praduscakartha yad idam puruhuta rupam
tenesa nirvrtim avapur alam drso nah
tasma idam bhagavate nama id vidhema
yo ‘natmanam durudayo bhagavan pratitah
SYNONYMS
praduscakartha–You have manifested; yat–which; idam–this; puruhuta-
-O greatly worshiped; rupam–eternal form; tena–by that form; isa–O
Lord; nirvrtim–satisfaction; avapuh–obtained; alam–so much; drsah–
vision; nah–our; tasmai–unto Him; idam–this; bhagavate–unto the
Supreme Personality of Godhead; namah–obeisances; it–only; vidhema–let
us offer; yah–who; anatmanam–of those who are less intelligent;
durudayah–cannot be seen; bhagavan–the Supreme Personality of Godhead;
pratitah–has been seen by us.
TRANSLATION
O Lord, we therefore offer our respectful obeisances unto Your eternal
form as the Personality of Godhead, which You have so kindly manifested
before us. Your supreme, eternal form cannot be seen by unfortunate, less
intelligent persons, but we are so much satisfied in our mind and vision
to see it.
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